Oxides and hydrides are usually studied separately, but there are many more elements that can form binary compounds. The most electronegative element is named with the suffix -ide. In other traditional names, elements like sulfur (S) are named as sulfide.
Nomenclature by prefixes
Prefixes that indicate the number of atoms of each element are used: mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, etc.
Examples:
CaI₂: calcium diiodide
CO₂: carbon dioxide
SF₆: sulfur hexafluoride
PCl₅: phosphorus pentachloride
Nomenclature by oxidation state
In this case, the oxidation state of the metallic element or the most electropositive element is indicated using Roman numerals or its charge in parentheses.
To determine the oxidation state, it is considered that the most electronegative element has a fixed charge according to its distance to noble gases. For example, -1 (F, Cl, I, ...), -2 (O, S, Se, ...), -3 (N, P, ...), -4 (C, ...).
The charge of the less electronegative element is calculated so that it compensates for the charge of the more electronegative element.
The oxidation state of elements that usually only have one of them is not indicated, such as alkali metals (+1) (Li, Na, K, ...), alkaline earth metals (+2) (Be, Mg, Ca, ...), or aluminum (+3).
Examples of nomenclature by oxidation state:
CaI₂: iodide of calcium (no oxidation state indicated)
NaCl: chloride sodium (no oxidation state indicated)
FeCl₂: chloride iron(II)
FeCl₃: chloride iron(III)
PbS₂: disulfide lead(IV)
1. Name <b>CCl₄</b>:
(2 points)
a
)
By oxidation state
b
)
By prefixes
Feedback: CCl₄ is a solvent but its use has been reduced due to its toxicity.
2. Name <b>SF₆</b>:
(2 points)
a
)
By oxidation state
b
)
By prefixes
Feedback: SF₆ is an inert gas used as electrical insulation.
3. Name <b>PCl₃</b>:
(2 points)
a
)
By oxidation state
b
)
By prefixes
Feedback: PCl₃ is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis.
4. Name <b>CaS</b>:
(2 points)
a
)
By oxidation state
b
)
By prefixes
Feedback: El CaS es un compuesto inorgánico que puede ser fosforescente.
5. Name <b>FeS₂</b>:
(2 points)
a
)
By oxidation state
b
)
By prefixes
Feedback: El FeS₂ se conoce como pirita o 'el oro de los tontos' por su apariencia dorada.
6. Name <b>N₂O₅</b>:
(1 point)
a
)
By prefixes (solo se nombra por prefijos)
Feedback: El N₂O₅ es el anhídrido del ácido nítrico y es un potente oxidante.
7. Name <b>CuBr₂</b>:
(2 points)
a
)
By oxidation state
b
)
By prefixes
Feedback: El CuBr₂ es un compuesto de color negro que se usa como catalizador en algunas reacciones orgánicas.
8. Name <b>PbI₄</b>:
(2 points)
a
)
By oxidation state
b
)
By prefixes
Feedback: El PbI₄ es un compuesto inestable que se descompone fácilmente liberando yodo.
9. Name <b>Ag₂S</b>:
(2 points)
a
)
By oxidation state
b
)
By prefixes
Feedback: El Ag₂S es el componente principal del oscurecimiento de la plata cuando se expone al aire.
10. Name <b>MnS</b>:
(2 points)
a
)
By oxidation state
b
)
By prefixes
Feedback: El MnS es un compuesto de color verde pálido que se encuentra en la naturaleza como el mineral alabandita.
11. Name <b>P₂S₅</b>:
(1 point)
a
)
By prefixes (solo se nombra por prefijos)
Feedback: El P₂S₅ is used en la síntesis de lubricantes y como reactivo en química orgánica.
12. Name <b>As₂S₃</b>:
(2 points)
a
)
By oxidation state
b
)
By prefixes
Feedback: El As₂S₃ es conocido como oropimente, un mineral de color amarillo dorado utilizado históricamente como pigmento.
13. Name <b>ZnI₂</b>:
(2 points)
a
)
By oxidation state
b
)
By prefixes
Feedback: El ZnI₂ es un compuesto cristalino blanco soluble en agua, utilizado en síntesis orgánica.
14. Name <b>SiH₄</b>:
(2 points)
a
)
By oxidation state
b
)
By prefixes
Feedback: El SiH₄, también conocido como silano, is a gas incoloro extremadamente inflamable utilizado en la fabricación de semiconductores.
15. Name <b>TiCl₄</b>:
(2 points)
a
)
By oxidation state
b
)
By prefixes
Feedback: El TiCl₄ es un líquido incoloro que emite humos blancos al contacto con la humedad del aire, usado en la producción de titanio metálico.
16. Name <b>NiS</b>:
(2 points)
a
)
By oxidation state
b
)
By prefixes
Feedback: El NiS aparece en la naturaleza como el mineral millerita y es importante en la metalurgia del níquel.
17. Formula los siguientes compuestos:
(20 points)