Theory Exercises

Quick reference — Organic nomenclature

  • Alkanes: CₙH₂ₙ₊₂, suffix -ane.
  • Alkenes: CₙH₂ₙ, suffix -ene.
  • Alkynes: CₙH₂ₙ₋₂, suffix -yne.
  • Cycles: prefix "cyclo-" + parent name (cycloalkanes CₙH₂ₙ).
  • Substituents: methyl, ethyl, propyl; number the parent chain.
  • Isomerism: structural and stereoisomerism (R/S, Z/E or cis/trans).

Functional groups table

GroupStructureExample SMILES
AlcoholAlcoholCO
AldehydeAldehydeCC=O
KetoneKetoneCC(=O)C
Carboxylic acidCarboxylic acidCC(=O)O
EtherEtherCCOCC
AmineAmineCCN