Theory Exercises

Key Formulas and Concepts

Concentration in g/L:

\[\text{Concentration (g/L)} = \frac{\text{mass of solute (g)}}{\text{volume of solution (L)}}\]

Percentage by Mass (% w/w):

\[\text{% w/w} = \frac{\text{mass of solute}}{\text{mass of solution}} \times 100\]

Percentage by Volume (% v/v):

\[\text{% v/v} = \frac{\text{volume of solute}}{\text{volume of solution}} \times 100\]

Concentration in g/mL:

\[\text{Concentration (g/mL)} = \frac{\text{mass of solute (g)}}{\text{volume of solution (mL)}}\]

Types of Mixtures:

  • Pure substances: Single component with fixed composition
  • Homogeneous mixtures: Uniform composition throughout (solutions)
  • Heterogeneous mixtures: Visible different phases
  • Colloids: Particles between solutions and suspensions (show Tyndall effect)